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03/23/2021
By Edwin L. Aguirre

Asst. Prof. Archana Kamal of the Department of Physics and Applied Physics has won two early career development awards totaling more than $1 million from the U.S. Air Force and the National Science Foundation (NSF) for her research on quantum information processing (QIP) with open quantum systems.

QIP is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, which mathematically describe the behavior and interaction of matter and light on the atomic and subatomic scale.

While today鈥檚 digital computers encode data in the form of binary digits, or 鈥渂its,鈥� which are a series of zeros and ones, quantum computers convert information into quantum bits, or 鈥渜ubits.鈥� A qubit, which is the basic unit of quantum information, represents a two-state, or two-level, quantum system, such as the up and down spin of an electron or the horizontal and vertical polarization of a photon. Qubits can store more information than bits.

Scientists worldwide, including Kamal, are developing next-generation technologies with processors that can solve large, highly complex problems much faster than existing supercomputers using the best-known algorithms. This is the reason why for more than a decade, tech giants like Google, IBM and Microsoft have been investing heavily in quantum computer hardware research.

The biggest challenge to realizing usable quantum processors is 鈥渄ecoherence,鈥� the loss and erasure of quantum information due to strong interactions between qubits and the uncontrolled, 鈥渘oisy鈥� environment around them. This is the central issue that Kamal is addressing in her research.

Aside from quantum computing, Kamal鈥檚 projects could lead to advances in QIP applications and other innovative technologies, including quantum sensing, quantum communication and quantum cryptography (using quantum mechanical properties to store and transmit data securely).

Kamal was recognized by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research with a Young Investigator Program grant 鈥� worth $450,000 over three years 鈥� for her work on tunable quantum dissipation, which can be used to develop autonomous, quantum error-correction protocols.

According to the Air Force, the grant is awarded to faculty researchers who 鈥渟how exceptional ability and promise鈥� in conducting creative, fundamental research in science and engineering.

鈥淢y project aims to develop self-correcting qubits using the new field of quantum reservoir engineering 鈥� that is, correcting quantum errors by controlling the environment seen by a quantum system instead of controlling the system directly,鈥� Kamal explains.

She says this approach turns the table on decoherence by designing environments that preserve 鈥渜uantumness鈥� instead of destroying it.

鈥淪pecifically, the Air Force project will focus on extending this unique approach to large, multi-qubit networks, and realizing scalable error correction,鈥� Kamal says.

A Pioneering Career

Kamal鈥檚 five-year NSF CAREER grant totaling more than $557,000 will support her research into the in the presence of non-trivial noise.

The CAREER grant is the NSF鈥檚 鈥渕ost prestigious award in support of early-career faculty who have the potential to serve as academic role models in research and education and to lead advances in the mission of their department or organization,鈥� according to the agency.

Specifically, Kamal鈥檚 project will explore how quantum reservoir engineering can be implemented for environments that retain 鈥渕emory鈥� of the quantum states of the system, or an environment that has a non-trivial quantum dynamic of its own that it can imprint to some degree on the system, causing the quantum system to be controlled in a way which was not possible if it were left alone.

鈥淭hese aspects of autonomous quantum control are interesting and uncharted territory, both theoretically and experimentally,鈥� says Kamal.

鈥淥ur ultimate goal is to enable quantum technologies that can form the backbone of future quantum computers, which hold out the promise of offering unprecedented advantages over their classical (non-quantum) counterparts, and to answer fundamental questions in quantum physics in the process.鈥�